strtr

(PHP 4, PHP 5, PHP 7)

strtr — 转换指定字符

说明

string strtr ( string $str , string $from , string $to )
string strtr ( string $str , array $replace_pairs )

该函数返回 str 的一个副本，并将在 from 中指定的字符转换为 to 中相应的字符。 比如， $from[$n]中每次的出现都会被替换为 $to[$n]，其中 $n 是两个参数都有效的位移(offset)。

如果 from 与 to 长度不相等，那么多余的字符部分将被忽略。 str 的长度将会和返回的值一样。

If given two arguments, the second should be an array in the form array('from' => 'to', ...). The return value is a string where all the occurrences of the array keys have been replaced by the corresponding values. The longest keys will be tried first. Once a substring has been replaced, its new value will not be searched again.

In this case, the keys and the values may have any length, provided that there is no empty key; additionally, the length of the return value may differ from that of str. However, this function will be the most efficient when all the keys have the same size.

参数

str

待转换的字符串。

from

字符串中与将要被转换的目的字符 to 相对应的源字符。

to

字符串中与将要被转换的字符 from 相对应的目的字符。

replace_pairs

参数 replace_pairs 可以用来取代 to 和 from 参数，因为它是以 array('from' => 'to', ...) 格式出现的数组。

返回值

返回转换后的字符串。

如果 replace_pairs 中包含一个空字符串（""）键，那么将返回 FALSE。 If the str is not a scalar then it is not typecasted into a string, instead a warning is raised and NULL is returned.

范例

Example #1 strtr() 范例

<?php
$addr = strtr($addr, "???", "aao");
?>

The next example shows the behavior of strtr() when called with only two arguments. Note the preference of the replacements ("h" is not picked because there are longer matches) and how replaced text was not searched again.

Example #2 使用两个参数的 strtr() 范例

<?php
$trans = array("hello" => "hi", "hi" => "hello");
echo strtr("hi all, I said hello", $trans);
?>

以上例程会输出：

hello all, I said hi

The two modes of behavior are substantially different. With three arguments, strtr() will replace bytes; with two, it may replace longer substrings.

Example #3 strtr() behavior comparison

<?php
echo strtr("baab", "ab", "01"),"\n";

$trans = array("ab" => "01");
echo strtr("baab", $trans);
?>

以上例程会输出：

1001
ba01

参见

User Contributed Notes

evan dot king at NOSPAM dot example dot com 25-Apr-2015 12:05
Here's an important real-world example use-case for strtr where str_replace will not work or will introduce obscure bugs:

<?php

$strTemplate = "My name is :name, not :name2.";
$strParams = [
  ':name' => 'Dave',
  'Dave' => ':name2 or :password', // a wrench in the otherwise sensible input
  ':name2' => 'Steve',
  ':pass' => '7hf2348', // sensitive data that maybe shouldn't be here
];

echo strtr($strTemplate, $strParams);
// "My name is Dave, not Steve."

echo str_replace(array_keys($strParams), array_values($strParams), $strTemplate);
// "My name is Steve or 7hf2348word, not Steve or 7hf2348word2."

?>

Any time you're trying to template out a string and don't necessarily know what the replacement keys/values will be (or fully understand the implications of and control their content and order), str_replace will introduce the potential to incorrectly match your keys because it does not expand the longest keys first.

Further, str_replace will replace in previous replacements, introducing potential for unintended nested expansions.  Doing so can put the wrong data into the "sub-template" or even give users a chance to provide input that exposes data (if they get to define some of the replacement strings).

Don't support recursive expansion unless you need it and know it will be safe.  When you do support it, do so explicitly by repeating strtr calls until no more expansions are occurring or a sane iteration limit is reached, so that the results never implicitly depend on order of your replacement keys.  Also make certain that any user input will expanded in an isolated step after any sensitive data is already expanded into the output and no longer available as input.

Note: using some character(s) around your keys to designate them also reduces the possibility of unintended mangling of output, whether maliciously triggered or otherwise.  Thus the use of a colon prefix in these examples, which you can easily enforce when accepting replacement input to your templating/translation system.
Romain 23-Oct-2014 06:44
<?php
    /**
     * Clean string,
     * minimize and remove space, accent and other
     *
     * @param string $string
     * @return string
     */
    public function mb_strtoclean($string){
        // Valeur a nettoyer (conversion)
        $unwanted_array = array(    '?'=>'S', '?'=>'s', '?'=>'Z', '?'=>'z', 'à'=>'A', 'á'=>'A', '?'=>'A', '?'=>'A', '?'=>'A', '?'=>'A', '?'=>'A', '?'=>'C', 'è'=>'E', 'é'=>'E',
                                    'ê'=>'E', '?'=>'E', 'ì'=>'I', 'í'=>'I', '?'=>'I', '?'=>'I', '?'=>'N', 'ò'=>'O', 'ó'=>'O', '?'=>'O', '?'=>'O', '?'=>'O', '?'=>'O', 'ù'=>'U',
                                    'ú'=>'U', '?'=>'U', 'ü'=>'U', 'Y'=>'Y', 'T'=>'B', '?'=>'Ss', 'à'=>'a', 'á'=>'a', 'a'=>'a', '?'=>'a', '?'=>'a', '?'=>'a', '?'=>'a', '?'=>'c',
                                    'è'=>'e', 'é'=>'e', 'ê'=>'e', '?'=>'e', 'ì'=>'i', 'í'=>'i', '?'=>'i', '?'=>'i', 'e'=>'o', '?'=>'n', 'ò'=>'o', 'ó'=>'o', '?'=>'o', '?'=>'o',
                                    '?'=>'o', '?'=>'o', 'ù'=>'u', 'ú'=>'u', '?'=>'u', 'y'=>'y', 'y'=>'y', 't'=>'b', '?'=>'y',
                                    ' ' => '', '_' => '', '-' => '', '.'=> '', ',' => '', ';' => '');

        return mb_strtolower(strtr($string, $unwanted_array ));
    }
doydoy44 13-Aug-2013 01:01
The example of VOVA (http://www.php.net/manual/fr/function.strtr.php#111968) is good but the result is false:
His example dont replace the string.

<?php
function f1_strtr() {
  for($i=0; $i<1000000; ++$i) {
    $new_string = strtr("aboutdealers.com", array(".com" => ""));
  }
  return $new_string;
}
function f2_str_replace() {
  for($i=0; $i<1000000; ++$i) {
    $new_string = str_replace( ".com", "", "aboutdealers.com");
  }
  return $new_string;
}
$start = microtime(true);
$strtr = f1_strtr();
$stop = microtime(true);
$time_strtr = $stop - $start;
 
$start = microtime(true);
$str_replace = f2_str_replace();
$stop = microtime(true);
$time_str_replace = $stop - $start;
 
 
echo 'time strtr       : ' . $time_strtr       . "\tresult :" . $strtr       . "\n";
echo 'time str_replace : ' . $time_str_replace . "\tresult :" . $str_replace . "\n";
echo 'time strtr > time str_replace => ' . ($time_strtr > $time_str_replace);
?>
--------------------------------------
time strtr       : 3.9719619750977      result :aboutdealers
time str_replace : 2.9930369853973      result :aboutdealers
time strtr > time str_replace => 1

str_replace is faster than strtr
dcz at phpbb-seo dot com 08-Aug-2013 05:26
strstr will issue a notice when $replace_pairs contains an array, even unused, with php 5.5.0.

It was not the case with version at least up to 5.3.2, but I'm not sure the notice was added with exactly 5.5.0.

<?php
$str = 'hi all, I said hello';
$replace_pairs = array(
      'all' => 'everybody',
    'unused' => array('somtehing', 'something else'),
     'hello' => 'hey',
);
// php 5.5.0 Notice: Array to string conversion in test.php on line 8
echo strtr($str, $replace_pairs); // hi everybody, I said hey
?>

since the result is still correct, @strstr seems a working solution.
lichail at sohu dot com 22-Jun-2013 10:11
<?php
//note this output null
echo strtr('abc', array('' => ''));
?>
Hayley Watson 01-Feb-2013 11:04
Since strtr (like PHP's other string functions) treats strings as a sequence of bytes, and since UTF-8 and other multibyte encodings use - by definition - more than one byte for at least some characters, the three-string form is likely to have problems. Use the associative array form to specify the mapping.

<?php
// Assuming UTF-8
$str = '?bc ?bc'; // strtr() sees this as nine bytes (including two for each ?)
echo strtr($str, '?', 'a'); // The second argument is equivalent to the string "\xc3\x84" so "\xc3" gets replaced by "a" and the "\x84" is ignored

echo strtr($str, array('?' => 'a')); // Works much better
?>
qeremy [atta] gmail [dotta] com 23-Jan-2013 04:19
Weird, but strtr corrupting chars, if used like below and if file is encoded in UTF-8;

<?php
$str = '?bc ?bc';
echo strtr($str, '?', 'a');
// output: a?bc a?bc
?>

And a simple solution;

<?php
function strtr_unicode($str, $a = null, $b = null) {
    $translate = $a;
    if (!is_array($a) && !is_array($b)) {
        $a = (array) $a;
        $b = (array) $b;
        $translate = array_combine(
            array_values($a),
            array_values($b)
        );
    }
    // again weird, but accepts an array in this case
    return strtr($str, $translate);
}

$str = '?bc ?bc';
echo strtr($str, '?', 'a') ."\n";
echo strtr_unicode($str, '?', 'a') ."\n";
echo strtr_unicode($str, array('?' => 'a')) ."\n";
// outputs
// a?bc a?bc
// abc abc
// abc abc
?>
Tedy 02-Nov-2012 05:43
Since strtr() is twice faster than strlwr I decided to write my own lowering function which also handles UTF-8 characters.

<?php

function strlwr($string, $utf = 1)
{
    $latin_letters = array('?' => 'a',
                            '?' => 'a',
                            '?' => 'i',
                            '?' => 's',
                            '?' => 's',
                            '?' => 't',
                            '?' => 't');
                           
    $utf_letters = array('?' => '?',
                        '?' => 'a',
                        '?' => '?',
                        '?' => '?',
                        '?' => '?',
                        '?' => '?',
                        '?' => '?');
                     
    $letters = array('A' => 'a',
                    'B' => 'b',
                    'C' => 'c',
                    'D' => 'd',
                    'E' => 'e',
                    'F' => 'f',
                    'G' => 'g',
                    'H' => 'h',
                    'I' => 'i',
                    'J' => 'j',
                    'K' => 'k',
                    'L' => 'l',
                    'M' => 'm',
                    'N' => 'n',
                    'O' => 'o',
                    'P' => 'p',
                    'Q' => 'q',
                    'R' => 'r',
                    'S' => 's',
                    'T' => 't',
                    'U' => 'u',
                    'V' => 'v',
                    'W' => 'w',
                    'X' => 'x',
                    'Y' => 'y',
                    'Z' => 'z');
   
    return ($utf == 1) ? strtr($string, array_merge($utf_letters, $letters)) : strtr($string, array_merge($latin_letters, $letters));
}

?>

This allows you to lower every character (even UTF-8 ones) if you don't set the second parameter, or just lower the UTF-8 ones into their specific latin characters (used when making friendly-urls for example).

I used romanian characters but, of course, you can add your own local characters.

Feel free to use/modify this function as you wish. Hope it helps.
patrick dot rauchfuss at gmail dot com 24-Aug-2012 05:04
Here my solution of an classes recursive caseinsentive strtr..

<?php
class String
{
    public static function stritr(&$string, $from, $to = NULL)
    {
        if(is_string($from))
            $string = preg_replace("'$from'i", $to, $string);

        else if(is_array($from))
        {
            foreach ($from as $key => $val)
                self::stritr($string, $key, $val);
        }
       
        return $string;
    }
}

// example:
$string = "Hello world. This is just a simple test";
print String::stritr($string, 'WorLd', 'foo');

// array example:
print String::stritr($string, array('WorLd' => 'foo', 'TEST' => 'bar'));
?>
antimoz at gmail dot com 09-Feb-2012 12:08
Here is my array for char normalization:
<?php
        $normalizeChars = array(
            'á'=>'A', 'à'=>'A', '?'=>'A', '?'=>'A', '?'=>'A', '?'=>'A', '?'=>'AE', '?'=>'C',
            'é'=>'E', 'è'=>'E', 'ê'=>'E', '?'=>'E', 'í'=>'I', 'ì'=>'I', '?'=>'I', '?'=>'I', 'D'=>'Eth',
            '?'=>'N', 'ó'=>'O', 'ò'=>'O', '?'=>'O', '?'=>'O', '?'=>'O', '?'=>'O',
            'ú'=>'U', 'ù'=>'U', '?'=>'U', 'ü'=>'U', 'Y'=>'Y',
   
            'á'=>'a', 'à'=>'a', 'a'=>'a', '?'=>'a', '?'=>'a', '?'=>'a', '?'=>'ae', '?'=>'c',
            'é'=>'e', 'è'=>'e', 'ê'=>'e', '?'=>'e', 'í'=>'i', 'ì'=>'i', '?'=>'i', '?'=>'i', 'e'=>'eth',
            '?'=>'n', 'ó'=>'o', 'ò'=>'o', '?'=>'o', '?'=>'o', '?'=>'o', '?'=>'o',
            'ú'=>'u', 'ù'=>'u', '?'=>'u', 'ü'=>'u', 'y'=>'y',
           
            '?'=>'sz', 't'=>'thorn', '?'=>'y'
        );
?>
Sam 02-Feb-2012 07:33
Case Insensitive strtr

<?php
function stritr($string, $one, $two=null) {
    if (is_string($one)) {
        return strtr($string, strtoupper($one) . strtolower($one), "$two$two");
    } else if (is_array($one)) {
        $strReturn = $string
        foreach ($one as $key => $val) {
            $strReturn = preg_replace("'$key'i", $val, $strReturn);
        }
        return $strReturn;
    }
    return $string;
}
?>
Michael Schuijff 24-Oct-2011 07:02
I found that this approach is often faster than strtr() and won't change the same thing in your string twice (as opposed to str_replace(), which will overwrite things in the order of the array you feed it with):

<?php
function replace ($text, $replace) {
    $keys = array_keys($replace);
    $length = array_combine($keys, array_map('strlen', $keys));
    arsort($length);
   
    $array[] = $text;
    $count = 1;
    reset($length);
    while ($key = key($length)) {
        if (strpos($text, $key) !== false) {
            for ($i = 0; $i < $count; $i += 2) {
                if (($pos = strpos($array[$i], $key)) === false) continue;
                array_splice($array, $i, 1, array(substr($array[$i], 0, $pos), $replace[$key], substr($array[$i], $pos + strlen($key))));
                $count += 2;
            }
        }
        next($length);
    }
    return implode($array);
}
?>
Chris 04-Feb-2011 09:49
Hope this is useful when you need to see ASCII control characters:
<?php
$xlate = array(chr(0) => '^@/NUL/null', chr(1) => '^A/SOH/start of heading', chr(2) => '^B/STX/start of text', chr(3) => '^C/ETX/end of text', chr(4) => '^D/EOT/end of transmisssion', chr(5) => '^E/ENQ/enquiry', chr(6) => '^F/ACK/acknowledge', chr(7) => '^G/BEL/bell', chr(8) => '^H/BS/backspace', chr(9) => '^I/TAB/horizontal tab', chr(10) => '^J/LF/NL/line feed/new line', chr(11) => '^K/VT/vertical tab', chr(12) => '^L/FF/NP/form feed/new page/', chr(13) => '^M/CR/carrige return', chr(14) => '^N/SO/shift out', chr(15) => '^O/SI/shift in', chr(16) => '^P/DLE/data link escape', chr(17) => '^Q/DC1/device control 1', chr(18) => '^R/DC2/device control 2', chr(19) => '^S/DC3/device control 3', chr(20) => '^T/DC4/device control 4', chr(21) => '^U/NAK/negative acknowledge', chr(22) => '^V/SYN/synchronous idle', chr(23) => '^W/ETB/end of transmission block', chr(24) => '^X/CAN/cancel', chr(25) => '^Y/EM/end of medium', chr(26) => '^Z/SUB/substiute', chr(27) => '^[/ESC/escape', chr(28) => '^\/FS/file separator', chr(29) => '^]/GS/group separator', chr(30) => '^^/RS/record separator', chr(31) => '^_/US/unit separator', chr(32) => 'Space');

$x = 0;
$pad = strlen(strlen($str));
while(isset($str[$x]))
   echo 'character ', str_pad($x+1, $pad), ' = ', strtr($str[$x], $xlate), ' (ascii ', ord($str[$x++]), ')';
?>
elloromtz at gmail dot com 20-Apr-2010 02:08
If you supply 3 arguments and the 2nd is an array, strtr will search the "A" from "Array" (because you're treating it as a scalar string) and replace it with the 3rd argument:

strtr('Analogy', array('x'=>'y'),  '_'); //'_nalogy'

so in reality the above code has the same affect as:

strtr('Analogy', 'A' , '_');
allixsenos at gmail dot com 16-May-2009 05:55
fixed "normaliza" functions written below to include Slavic Latin characters... also, it doesn't return lowercase any more (you can easily get that by applying strtolower yourself)...

also, renamed to normalize()

<?php

function normalize ($string) {
    $table = array(
        '?'=>'S', '?'=>'s', '?'=>'Dj', '?'=>'dj', '?'=>'Z', '?'=>'z', '?'=>'C', '?'=>'c', '?'=>'C', '?'=>'c',
        'à'=>'A', 'á'=>'A', '?'=>'A', '?'=>'A', '?'=>'A', '?'=>'A', '?'=>'A', '?'=>'C', 'è'=>'E', 'é'=>'E',
        'ê'=>'E', '?'=>'E', 'ì'=>'I', 'í'=>'I', '?'=>'I', '?'=>'I', '?'=>'N', 'ò'=>'O', 'ó'=>'O', '?'=>'O',
        '?'=>'O', '?'=>'O', '?'=>'O', 'ù'=>'U', 'ú'=>'U', '?'=>'U', 'ü'=>'U', 'Y'=>'Y', 'T'=>'B', '?'=>'Ss',
        'à'=>'a', 'á'=>'a', 'a'=>'a', '?'=>'a', '?'=>'a', '?'=>'a', '?'=>'a', '?'=>'c', 'è'=>'e', 'é'=>'e',
        'ê'=>'e', '?'=>'e', 'ì'=>'i', 'í'=>'i', '?'=>'i', '?'=>'i', 'e'=>'o', '?'=>'n', 'ò'=>'o', 'ó'=>'o',
        '?'=>'o', '?'=>'o', '?'=>'o', '?'=>'o', 'ù'=>'u', 'ú'=>'u', '?'=>'u', 'y'=>'y', 'y'=>'y', 't'=>'b',
        '?'=>'y', '?'=>'R', '?'=>'r',
    );
   
    return strtr($string, $table);
}

?>
Sidney Ricardo 05-Sep-2008 08:54
This work fine to me:

<?php
function normaliza ($string){
    $a = 'àá??????èéê?ìí??D?òó????ùú?üYT
?àáa?????èéê?ìí??e?òó????ùú?yyt???';
    $b = 'aaaaaaaceeeeiiiidnoooooouuuuy
bsaaaaaaaceeeeiiiidnoooooouuuyybyRr';
    $string = utf8_decode($string);    
    $string = strtr($string, utf8_decode($a), $b);
    $string = strtolower($string);
    return utf8_encode($string);
}
?>
dot dot dot dot dot alexander at gmail dot com 26-Mar-2008 01:09
OK, I debugged the function (had some errors)
Here it is:

if(!function_exists("stritr")){
    function stritr($string, $one = NULL, $two = NULL){
/*
stritr - case insensitive version of strtr
Author: Alexander Peev
Posted in PHP.NET
*/
        if(  is_string( $one )  ){
            $two = strval( $two );
            $one = substr(  $one, 0, min( strlen($one), strlen($two) )  );
            $two = substr(  $two, 0, min( strlen($one), strlen($two) )  );
            $product = strtr(  $string, ( strtoupper($one) . strtolower($one) ), ( $two . $two )  );
            return $product;
        }
        else if(  is_array( $one )  ){
            $pos1 = 0;
            $product = $string;
            while(  count( $one ) > 0  ){
                $positions = array();
                foreach(  $one as $from => $to  ){
                    if(   (  $pos2 = stripos( $product, $from, $pos1 )  ) === FALSE   ){
                        unset(  $one[ $from ]  );
                    }
                    else{
                        $positions[ $from ] = $pos2;
                    }
                }
                if(  count( $one ) <= 0  )break;
                $winner = min( $positions );
                $key = array_search(  $winner, $positions  );
                $product = (   substr(  $product, 0, $winner  ) . $one[$key] . substr(  $product, ( $winner + strlen($key) )  )   );
                $pos1 = (  $winner + strlen( $one[$key] )  );
            }
            return $product;
        }
        else{
            return $string;
        }
    }/* endfunction stritr */
}/* endfunction exists stritr */
dot dot dot dot dot alexander at gmail dot com 25-Mar-2008 07:44
Here is the stritr I always needed... I wrote it in 15 minutes... But only after the idea struck me. Hope you find it helpful, and enjoy...
<?php
if(!function_exists("stritr")){
    function stritr($string, $one = NULL, $two = NULL){
/*
stritr - case insensitive version of strtr
Author: Alexander Peev
Posted in PHP.NET
*/
        if(  is_string( $one )  ){
            $two = strval( $two );
            $one = substr(  $one, 0, min( strlen($one), strlen($two) )  );
            $two = substr(  $two, 0, min( strlen($one), strlen($two) )  );
            $product = strtr(  $string, ( strtoupper($one) . strtolower($one) ), ( $two . $two )  );
            return $product;
        }
        else if(  is_array( $one )  ){
            $pos1 = 0;
            $product = $string;
            while(  count( $one ) > 0  ){
                $positions = array();
                foreach(  $one as $from => $to  ){
                    if(   (  $pos2 = stripos( $product, $from, $pos1 )  ) === FALSE   ){
                        unset(  $one[ $from ]  );
                    }
                    else{
                        $positions[ $from ] = $pos2;
                    }
                }
                $winner = min( $positions );
                $key = array_search(  $winner, $positions  );
                $product = (   substr(  $product, 0, $winner  ) . $positions[$key] . substr(  $product, ( $winner + strlen($key) )  )   );
                $pos1 = (  $winner + strlen( $positions[$key] )  );
            }
            return $product;
        }
        else{
            return $string;
        }
    }/* endfunction stritr */
}/* endfunction exists stritr */
?>
troelskn at gmail dot com 24-Jan-2008 12:39
Here's another transcribe function. This one converts cp1252 (aka. Windows-1252) into iso-8859-1 (aka. latin1, the default PHP charset). It only transcribes the few exotic characters, which are unique to cp1252.

function transcribe_cp1252_to_latin1($cp1252) {
  return strtr(
    $cp1252,
    array(
      "\x80" => "e",  "\x81" => " ",    "\x82" => "'", "\x83" => 'f',
      "\x84" => '"',  "\x85" => "...",  "\x86" => "+", "\x87" => "#",
      "\x88" => "^",  "\x89" => "0/00", "\x8A" => "S", "\x8B" => "<",
      "\x8C" => "OE", "\x8D" => " ",    "\x8E" => "Z", "\x8F" => " ",
      "\x90" => " ",  "\x91" => "`",    "\x92" => "'", "\x93" => '"',
      "\x94" => '"',  "\x95" => "*",    "\x96" => "-", "\x97" => "--",
      "\x98" => "~",  "\x99" => "(TM)", "\x9A" => "s", "\x9B" => ">",
      "\x9C" => "oe", "\x9D" => " ",    "\x9E" => "z", "\x9F" => "Y"));
ajitsingh4u at gmail dot com 06-Aug-2007 04:36
/**
* Replaces special characters with single quote,double quote and comma for charset iso-8859-1
*
* replaceSpecialChars()
* @param string $str
* @return string
*/
function replaceSpecialChars($str)
{
    //`(96) '(130) ?(132) '(145) '(146) "(147) "(148) ′(180)   // equivalent ascii values of these characters.
    $str = strtr($str, "`'?''′", "'','''");
    $str = strtr($str, '""', '""');
    return $str;
}
horak.jan AT centrum.cz 22-May-2007 04:11
Here is a function to convert middle-european windows charset (cp1250) to the charset, that php script is written in:

<?php
    function cp1250_to_utf2($text){
        $dict  = array(chr(225) => 'á', chr(228) =>  '?', chr(232) => '?', chr(239) => '?',
            chr(233) => 'é', chr(236) => 'ě', chr(237) => 'í', chr(229) => '?', chr(229) => '?',
            chr(242) => 'ň', chr(244) => '?', chr(243) => 'ó', chr(154) => '?', chr(248) => '?',
            chr(250) => 'ú', chr(249) => '?', chr(157) => '?', chr(253) => 'y', chr(158) => '?',
            chr(193) => 'á', chr(196) => '?', chr(200) => '?', chr(207) => '?', chr(201) => 'é',
            chr(204) => 'ě', chr(205) => 'í', chr(197) => '?',    chr(188) => '?', chr(210) => '?',
            chr(212) => '?', chr(211) => 'ó', chr(138) => '?', chr(216) => '?', chr(218) => 'ú',
            chr(217) => '?', chr(141) => '?', chr(221) => 'Y', chr(142) => '?',
            chr(150) => '-');
        return strtr($text, $dict);
    }
?>
joeldegan AT yahoo 07-Apr-2006 05:49
After battling with strtr trying to strip out MS word formatting from things pasted into forms I ended up coming up with this..

it strips ALL non-standard ascii characters, preserving html codes and such, but gets rid of all the characters that refuse to show in firefox.

If you look at this page in firefox you will see a ton of "question mark" characters and so it is not possible to copy and paste those to remove them from strings..  (this fixes that issue nicely, though I admit it could be done a bit better)

<?
function fixoutput($str){
    $good[] = 9;  #tab
    $good[] = 10; #nl
    $good[] = 13; #cr
    for($a=32;$a<127;$a++){
        $good[] = $a;
    }   
    $len = strlen($str);
    for($b=0;$b < $len+1; $b++){
        if(in_array(ord($str[$b]), $good)){
            $newstr .= $str[$b];
        }//fi
    }//rof
    return $newstr;
}
?>
martin[dot]pelikan[at]gmail[dot]com 29-Dec-2005 04:20
// if you are upset with windows' ^M characters at the end of the line,
// these two lines are for you:
$trans = array("\x0D" => "");
$text = strtr($orig_text,$trans);

// note that ctrl+M (in vim known as ^M) is hexadecimally 0x0D
tomhmambo at seznam dot cz 20-Dec-2005 11:54
<?
// Windows-1250 to ASCII
// This function replace all Windows-1250 accent characters with
// thier non-accent ekvivalents. Useful for Czech and Slovak languages.

function win2ascii($str)    {   

    $str = StrTr($str,
        "\xE1\xE8\xEF\xEC\xE9\xED\xF2",
        "\x61\x63\x64\x65\x65\x69\x6E");
       
    $str = StrTr($str,
        "\xF3\xF8\x9A\x9D\xF9\xFA\xFD\x9E\xF4\xBC\xBE",
        "\x6F\x72\x73\x74\x75\x75\x79\x7A\x6F\x4C\x6C");
       
    $str = StrTr($str,
        "\xC1\xC8\xCF\xCC\xC9\xCD\xC2\xD3\xD8",
        "\x41\x43\x44\x45\x45\x49\x4E\x4F\x52");
       
    $str = StrTr($str,
        "\x8A\x8D\xDA\xDD\x8E\xD2\xD9\xEF\xCF",
        "\x53\x54\x55\x59\x5A\x4E\x55\x64\x44");

    return $str;
}
?>
Ezbakhe Yassin <yassin88 at gmail dot com> 01-Sep-2005 12:55
Here you are a simple function to rotate a variable according to an array of possible values. You can make a strict comparison (===).

<?php
function rotateValue($string, $values, $strict = TRUE)
{
    if (!empty($string) AND is_array($values))
    {
        $valuesCount = count($values);

        for ($i = 0; $i < $valuesCount; $i++)
        {
            if ($strict ? ($string === $values[$i]) : ($string == $values[$i]))
            {
                return $values[($i + 1) % $valuesCount];
            }
        }
    }

    return FALSE;
}
?>

For example:

- rotateValue("A", array("A", "B", "C")) will return "B"
- rotateValue("C", array("A", "B", "C")) will return "A"
ru dot dy at gmx dot net 11-Jul-2005 01:20
Posting umlaute here resulted in a mess. Heres a version of the same function that works with preg_replace only:
<?php
  function getRewriteString($sString) {
     $string = strtolower(htmlentities($sString));
     $string = preg_replace("/&(.)(uml);/", "$1e", $string);
     $string = preg_replace("/&(.)(acute|cedil|circ|ring|tilde|uml);/", "$1", $string);
     $string = preg_replace("/([^a-z0-9]+)/", "-", html_entity_decode($string));
     $string = trim($string, "-");
     return $string;
  }
?>
patrick at p-roocks dot de 06-Feb-2005 11:31
As Daijoubu suggested use str_replace instead of this function for large arrays/subjects. I just tried it with a array of 60 elements, a string with 8KB length, and the execution time of str_replace was faster at factor 20!

Patrick
11-Dec-2004 02:20
If you are going to call strtr a lot, consider using str_replace instead, as it is much faster. I cut execution time in half just by doing this.

<?
// i.e. instead of:
$s=strtr($s,$replace_array);

// use:
foreach($replace_array as $key=>$value) $s=str_replace($key,$value,$s);
?>
oliver at modix dot de 22-Oct-2004 10:08
Replace control characters in a binary string:
<?

function cc_replace($in) {
        for ($i = 0; $i <= 31; $i++) {
                $from  .= chr($i);
                $to    .= ".";
        }
        return strtr($in, $from, $to);
}

?>
ktogias at math dot upatras dot gr 23-Sep-2004 12:32
This function is usefull for
accent insensitive regexp
searches into greek (iso8859-7) text:
(Select View -> Character Encoding -> Greek (iso8859-7)
at your browser to see the correct greek characters)

function gr_regexp($mystring){
        $replacement=array(
                array("?","?","?","?"),
                array("?","?","?","?"),
                array("?","?","?","?"),
                array("?","?","?","?","?","?"),
                array("?","?","?","?"),
                array("?","?","?","?","?","?"),
                array("?","?","?","?")
        );
        foreach($replacement as $group){
                foreach($group as $character){
                        $exp="[";
                        foreach($group as $expcharacter){
                                $exp.=$expcharacter;
                        }
                        $exp.="]";
                        $trans[$character]=$exp;
                }
        }
        $temp=explode(" ", $mystring);
        for ($i=0;$i<sizeof($temp);$i++){
                $temp[$i]=strtr($temp[$i],$trans);
                $temp[$i]=addslashes($temp[$i]);
        }
        return implode(".*",$temp);
}

$match=gr_regexp("????????????????????? ??? ????????");

//The next query string can be sent to MySQL
through mysql_query()
$query=
      "Select `column` from `table` where `column2` REGEXP  
                         '".$match."'";
volkris at tamu dot edu 19-Mar-2004 03:25
Regarding christophe's conversion, note that the \x## values should be in double quotes, not single, so that the escape will be applied.
stewey at ambitious dot ca 05-Mar-2004 03:11
This version of macRomanToIso (originally posted by: marcus at synchromedia dot co dot uk) offers a couple of improvements. First, it removes the extra slashes '\' that broke the original function. Second, it adds four quote characters not supported in ISO 8859-1. These are the left double quote, right double quote, left single quote and right single quote.

Be sure to remove the line breaks from the two strings going into strtr or this function will not work properly.

Be careful what text you apply this to. If you apply it to ISO 8859-1 encoded text it will likely wreak havoc. I'll save you some trouble with this bit of advice: don't bother trying to detect what charset a certain text file is using, it can't be done reliably. Instead, consider making assumptions based upon the HTTP_USER_AGENT, or prompting the user to specify the character encoding used (perhaps both).

<?php

/**
 * Converts MAC OS ROMAN encoded strings to the ISO 8859-1 charset.
 *
 * @param    string    the string to convert.
 * @return    string    the converted string.
 */
function macRomanToIso($string)
{
    return strtr($string,
"\x80\x81\x82\x83\x84\x85\x86\x87\x88\x89\x8a\x8b
\x8c\x8d\x8e\x8f\x90\x91\x92\x93\x94\x95\x96\x97
\x98\x99\x9a\x9b\x9c\x9d\x9e\x9f\xa1\xa4\xa6\xa7
\xa8\xab\xac\xae\xaf\xb4\xbb\xbc\xbe\xbf\xc0\xc1
\xc2\xc7\xc8\xca\xcb\xcc\xd6\xd8\xdb\xe1\xe5\xe6
\xe7\xe8\xe9\xea\xeb\xec\xed\xee\xef\xf1\xf2\xf3
\xf4\xf8\xfc\xd2\xd3\xd4\xd5",
"\xc4\xc5\xc7\xc9\xd1\xd6\xdc\xe1\xe0\xe2\xe4\xe3
\xe5\xe7\xe9\xe8\xea\xeb\xed\xec\xee\xef\xf1\xf3
\xf2\xf4\xf6\xf5\xfa\xf9\xfb\xfc\xb0\xa7\xb6\xdf\xae
\xb4\xa8\xc6\xd8\xa5\xaa\xba\xe6\xf8\xbf\xa1\xac
\xab\xbb\xa0\xc0\xc3\xf7\xff\xa4\xb7\xc2\xca\xc1
\xcb\xc8\xcd\xce\xcf\xcc\xd3\xd4\xd2\xda\xdb\xd9
\xaf\xb8\x22\x22\x27\x27");
}

?>
j at pureftpd dot org 30-Nov-2003 05:24
Here's a very useful function to translate Microsoft characters into Latin 15, so that people won't see any more square instead of characters in web pages .

function demicrosoftize($str) {
    return strtr($str,
"\x82\x83\x84\x85\x86\x87\x89\x8a" .
"\x8b\x8c\x8e\x91\x92\x93\x94\x95" .
"\x96\x97\x98\x99\x9a\x9b\x9c\x9e\x9f",
"'f\".**^\xa6<\xbc\xb4''" .
"\"\"---~ \xa8>\xbd\xb8\xbe");
}
Fernando "Malk" Piancastelli 29-Oct-2003 10:31
Here's a function to replace linebreaks to html <p> tags. This was initially designed to receive a typed text by a form in a "insert new notice" page and put in a database, then a "notice" page could get the text preformatted with paragraph tags instead of linebreaks that won't appear on browser. The function also removes repeated linebreaks the user may have typed in the form.

function break_to_tags(&$text) {

       // find and remove repeated linebreaks

       $double_break = array("\r\n\r\n" => "\r\n");
       do {
              $text = strtr($text, $double_break);
              $position = strpos($text, "\r\n\r\n");
       } while ($position !== false);

       // find and replace remanescent linebreaks by <p> tags

       $change = array("\r\n" => "<p>");
       $text = strtr($text, $change);
}

[]'s
Fernando
hotmail - marksteward 27-Nov-2002 04:39
Referring to note from 11 October 2000, Thorn (?, ?), Eth (?, ?), Esset (?) and Mu (?) aren't really accented letters.  ?, ?, ?, ? are ligatures.  Best to do the following:

function removeaccents($string){
 return strtr(
  strtr($string,
   '????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????',
   'SZszYAAAAAACEEEEIIIINOOOOOOUUUUYaaaaaaceeeeiiiinoooooouuuuyy'),
  array('?' => 'TH', '?' => 'th', '?' => 'DH', '?' => 'dh', '?' => 'ss',
   '?' => 'OE', '?' => 'oe', '?' => 'AE', '?' => 'ae', '?' => 'u'));
}

This would be no good for sorting, as thorn and eth aren't actually found under th and dh.  Also especially redundant because of Unicode!  Still, I'm sure somone can find use for it - perhaps to constrict filenames...

Mark
m dot frank at beam dot ag 22-Nov-2002 02:12
to get the ascii equivalent of unicode characters simply use the
 
utf8_decode() function
bisqwit at iki dot fi 10-Aug-2002 07:18
#!/bin/sh
# This shell script generates a strtr() call
# to translate from a character set to another.
# Requires: gnu recode, perl, php commandline binary
#
# Usage:
#  Set set1 and set2 to whatever you prefer
#  (multibyte character sets are not supported)
#  and run the script. The script outputs
#  a strtr() php code for you to use.
#
# Example is set to generate a
# cp437..latin9 conversion code.
#
set1=cp437
set2=iso-8859-15
result="`echo '<? for($c=32;$c<256;$c++)'\
              'echo chr($c);'\           
         |php -q|recode -f $set1..$set2`"
echo "// This php function call converts \$string in $set1 to $set2";
cat <<EOF  | php -q
<?php
\$set1='`echo -n "$result"\
   |perl -pe "s/([\\\\\'])/\\\\\\\\\\$1/g"`';
\$set2='`echo -n "$result"|recode -f $set2..$set1\
   |perl -pe "s/([\\\\\'])/\\\\\\\\\\$1/g"`';
\$erase=array();
\$l=strlen(\$set1);
for(\$c=0;\$c<\$l;++\$c)
  if(\$set1[\$c]==\$set2[\$c])\$erase[\$set1[\$c]]='';
if(count(\$erase))
{
  \$set1=strtr(\$set1,\$erase);
  \$set2=strtr(\$set2,\$erase);
}
if(!strlen(\$set1))echo 'IRREVERSIBLE';else
echo "strtr(\\\$string,\n  '",
     ereg_replace('([\\\\\\'])', '\\\\\\1', \$set2),
     "',\n  '",
     ereg_replace('([\\\\\\'])', '\\\\\\1', \$set1),
     "');";
EOF
gabi at unica dot edu 17-Jul-2002 02:32
To convert special chars to their html entities strtr you can use strtr in conjunction with get_html_translation_table(HTML_ENTITIES) :

$trans = get_html_translation_table(HTML_ENTITIES);
$html_code = strtr($html_code, $trans);

This will replace in $html_code the ? by &Aacute; , etc.
symlink23-remove-my-spleen at yahoo dot com 19-Apr-2002 06:33
As noted in the str_rot13 docs, some servers don't provide the str_rot13() function. However, the presence of strtr makes it easy to build your own facsimile thereof:

if (!function_exists('str_rot13')) {
    function str_rot13($str) {
        $from = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ';
        $to   = 'nopqrstuvwxyzabcdefghijklmNOPQRSTUVWXYZABCDEFGHIJKLM';

        return strtr($str, $from, $to);
    }
}

This is suitable for very light "encryption" such as hiding email addressess from spambots (then unscrambling them in a mail class, for example).

$mail_to=str_rot13("$mail_to");
erik at eldata dot se 23-Nov-2001 06:08
As an alternative to the not-yet-existing function stritr mentioned in the first note above You can easily do this:

strtr("abc","ABCabc","xyzxyz")

or more general:

strtr("abc",
strtoupper($fromchars).strtolower($fromchars),
$tochars.$tochars);

Just a thought.