(PHP 5 >= 5.1.0, PHP 7)
fputcsv — 将行格式化为 CSV 并写入文件指针
$handle
, array $fields
[, string $delimiter = ','
[, string $enclosure = '"'
]] )
fputcsv() 将一行（用
fields 数组传递）格式化为 CSV
格式并写入由 handle
指定的文件。
handle文件指针必须是有效的，必须指向由 fopen() 或 fsockopen() 成功打开的文件(并还未由 fclose() 关闭)。
fields值的一个数组。
delimiter
可选的 delimiter
参数设定字段分界符（只允许一个字符）。
enclosure
可选的 enclosure
参数设定字段字段环绕符（只允许一个字符）。
返回写入字符串的长度， 或者在失败时返回 FALSE。
Example #1 fputcsv() 例子
<?php
$list = array (
array('aaa', 'bbb', 'ccc', 'dddd'),
array('123', '456', '789'),
array('"aaa"', '"bbb"')
);
$fp = fopen('file.csv', 'w');
foreach ($list as $fields) {
fputcsv($fp, $fields);
}
fclose($fp);
?>
以上例子会写入以下的file.csv：
aaa,bbb,ccc,dddd 123,456,789 """aaa""","""bbb"""
Note: 在读取在 Macintosh 电脑中或由其创建的文件时， 如果 PHP 不能正确的识别行结束符，启用运行时配置可选项 auto_detect_line_endings 也许可以解决此问题。
To produce RFC 4180 conforming output, do not use fputcsv but encode manually, like this:
function rfccsv($arr){
foreach($arr as &$a){
$a=strval($a);
if(strcspn($a,",\"\r\n")<strlen($a))$a='"'.strtr($a,array('"'=>'""')).'"';
}
return implode(',',$arr);
}
echo rfccsv(array(.....))."\n";
This function, in its current state, can't be used for exporting United States Zip code values to Excel. It doesn't have an option for forcing the enclosure for all strings.
Note that an empty string is not a valid delimiter!
<?php
$csv->fputcsv( $data, '' );
?>
will just save an empty file!
the solution for how to solve the encoding problem while converting an array to csv file is below.
$fp = fopen('php://memory', 'w');
//add BOM to fix UTF-8 in Excel
fputs($fp, $bom =( chr(0xEF) . chr(0xBB) . chr(0xBF) ));
// output the column headings
//fputcsv($fp, array('Topic', 'Title', 'URL', 'Keywords', 'Score', 'FB_count', 'TW_count', '|'));
if(isset($trend)){
foreach ( $trend as $myField ){
fputcsv($fp, $myField, '|');
}
}
if you want make UTF-8 file for excel, use this:
$fp = fopen($filename, 'w');
//add BOM to fix UTF-8 in Excel
fputs($fp, $bom =( chr(0xEF) . chr(0xBB) . chr(0xBF) ));
We had a function that wrote a single line CSV. I noticed that with enabling auto_detect_line_endings, fputcsv would not write a newline at the end of the file.
Enabling auto_detect_line_endings changed the fputcsv behavior to include a newline.
So this is something I wrote to generically generate CSV exports from 2 arrays and a name.
You need to provide it with e single dimension array for the headings. A multidimensional array with the actual body . And lastly the filename you would like to get minus the .csv and viola.
<?php
# We will use this function to generate a CSV
function exportCSV($headings=false, $rows=false, $filename=false)
{
# Ensure that we have data to be able to export the CSV
if ((!empty($headings)) AND (!empty($rows)))
{
# modify the name somewhat
$name = ($filename !== false) ? $filename . ".csv" : "export.csv";
# Set the headers we need for this to work
header('Content-Type: text/csv; CHARSET=gb2312');
header('Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=' . $name);
# Start the ouput
$output = fopen('php://output', 'w');
# Create the headers
fputcsv($output, $headings);
# Then loop through the rows
foreach($rows as $row)
{
# Add the rows to the body
fputcsv($output, $row);
}
# Exit to close the stream off
exit();
}
# Default to a failure
return false;
}
?>
When you output csv by fputcsv, if there are any Chinese character, you may get messy code. Then you need to set the encoding properly:
fprintf($fp, chr(0xEF).chr(0xBB).chr(0xBF)); // just add this line
fputcsv($fp, ...);
Inspired by boonerunner's function, I wrote a smaller, faster, and more flexible one, which also uses less memory.
I also renamed it to avoid collision or overwriting the PHP function, and gave the 3rd and 4th parameter default values like fputcsv() uses.
This function puts all text values in $enclosure's while doubling the $enclosure in the value, and leaves numeric values as they are.
But if the $delimiter exists in the numeric value, this value will also be put in $enclosure's (may happen if you use a dot as the $delimiter).
function fwritecsv($handle, $fields, $delimiter = ',', $enclosure = '"') {
# Check if $fields is an array
if (!is_array($fields)) {
return false;
}
# Walk through the data array
for ($i = 0, $n = count($fields); $i < $n; $i ++) {
# Only 'correct' non-numeric values
if (!is_numeric($fields[$i])) {
# Duplicate in-value $enclusure's and put the value in $enclosure's
$fields[$i] = $enclosure . str_replace($enclosure, $enclosure . $enclosure, $fields[$i]) . $enclosure;
}
# If $delimiter is a dot (.), also correct numeric values
if (($delimiter == '.') && (is_numeric($fields[$i]))) {
# Put the value in $enclosure's
$fields[$i] = $enclosure . $fields[$i] . $enclosure;
}
}
# Combine the data array with $delimiter and write it to the file
$line = implode($delimiter, $fields) . "\n";
fwrite($handle, $line);
# Return the length of the written data
return strlen($line);
}
There is an even easier solution to get the result of fputcsv into a variable:
<?php
$output = fopen('php://output', 'w');
ob_start();
fputcsv($output, $data);
fclose($output);
$csv = ob_get_clean();
?>
Output XML string as CSV with first row as column headers:
<?php
// In this case XML is
// <records>
// <record>...</record>
// <record>...</record>
// </records>
if($xml = simplexml_load_string($string)){
// Keep up to 12MB in memory, if becomes bigger write to temp file
$file = fopen('php://temp/maxmemory:'. (12*1024*1024), 'r+');
if($row = get_object_vars($xml->record[0])){ // First record
// First row contains column header values
foreach($row as $key => $value){
$header[] = $key;
}
fputcsv($file, $header,',','"');
foreach ($xml->record as $record) {
fputcsv($file, get_object_vars($record),',','"');
}
rewind($file);
$output = stream_get_contents($file);
fclose($file);
return $output;
}else{
return '';
}
}
?>
Unexpected (to me) behaviour: the enclosure characters inside the strings are doubled *unless* they're preceded by a backslash. If the enclosure is preceded by a backslash it's considered to be already escaped.
<?php
$data = array(
'Doubled: -> " <-',
'NOT doubled: -> \" <-',
);
$buffer = fopen('php://temp', 'r+');
fputcsv($buffer, $data);
rewind($buffer);
$csv = fgets($buffer);
fclose($buffer);
echo $csv; // "Doubled: -> "" <-","NOT doubled: -> \" <-"
?>
As a result, the CSV file generated by my application was not correctly opened by OpenOffice.org. The offending row and all the subsequent rows were missing from the spreadsheet.
PHP: 5.3.2-1ubuntu4.9
OpenOffice.org: 3.2.0
Utility function to output a mysql query to csv with the option to write to file or send back to the browser as a csv attachment.
<?php
function query_to_csv($db_conn, $query, $filename, $attachment = false, $headers = true) {
if($attachment) {
// send response headers to the browser
header( 'Content-Type: text/csv' );
header( 'Content-Disposition: attachment;filename='.$filename);
$fp = fopen('php://output', 'w');
} else {
$fp = fopen($filename, 'w');
}
$result = mysql_query($query, $db_conn) or die( mysql_error( $db_conn ) );
if($headers) {
// output header row (if at least one row exists)
$row = mysql_fetch_assoc($result);
if($row) {
fputcsv($fp, array_keys($row));
// reset pointer back to beginning
mysql_data_seek($result, 0);
}
}
while($row = mysql_fetch_assoc($result)) {
fputcsv($fp, $row);
}
fclose($fp);
}
// Using the function
$sql = "SELECT * FROM table";
// $db_conn should be a valid db handle
// output as an attachment
query_to_csv($db_conn, $sql, "test.csv", true);
// output to file system
query_to_csv($db_conn, $sql, "test.csv", false);
?>
In general I found myself wanting to get the result as a string rather than writing it to a file, and in particular I wanted to produce a CSV using an EOL that might not be the same as that on the server where I generated it. This is how I solved the problem without rewriting fputcsv.
<?php
function sputcsv($row, $delimiter = ',', $enclosure = '"', $eol = "\n")
{
static $fp = false;
if ($fp === false)
{
$fp = fopen('php://temp', 'r+'); // see http://php.net/manual/en/wrappers.php.php - yes there are 2 '.php's on the end.
// NB: anything you read/write to/from 'php://temp' is specific to this filehandle
}
else
{
rewind($fp);
}
if (fputcsv($fp, $row, $delimiter, $enclosure) === false)
{
return false;
}
rewind($fp);
$csv = fgets($fp);
if ($eol != PHP_EOL)
{
$csv = substr($csv, 0, (0 - strlen(PHP_EOL))) . $eol;
}
return $csv;
}
// test
$rows = array
(
array('blue, sky', 'green, lime', 'red', 'black'),
array('white', 'gold', 'purple, imperial', 'grey, slate'),
array('orange, burnt', 'pink, hot', 'violet', 'indigo'),
);
if (PHP_EOL == "\r\n")
{
$eol = "\n";
}
else
{
$eol = "\r\n";
}
foreach($rows as $row)
{
echo nl2br(sputcsv($row, ',', '"', $eol));
}
?>
The test should produce something like the following:
"blue, sky","green, lime",red,black
white,gold,"purple, imperial","grey, slate"
"orange, burnt","pink, hot",violet,indigo
TAB delimiting.
Using fputcsv to output a CSV with a tab delimiter is a little tricky since the delimiter field only takes one character.
The answer is to use the chr() function. The ascii code for tab is 9, so chr(9) returns a tab character.
<?php
fputcsv($fp, $foo, '\t'); //won't work
fputcsv($fp, $foo, ' '); //won't work
fputcsv($fp, $foo, chr(9)); //works
?>
==================
it should be:
<?php
fputcsv($fp, $foo, "\t");
?>
you just forgot that single quotes are literal...meaning whatever you put there that's what will come out so '\t' would be same as 't' because \ in that case would be only used for escaping but if you use double quotes then that would work.
I've created a function for quickly generating CSV files that work with Microsoft applications. In the field I learned a few things about generating CSVs that are not always obvious. First, since PHP is generally *nix-based, it makes sense that the line endings are always \n instead of \r\n. However, certain Microsoft programs (I'm looking at you, Access 97), will fail to recognize the CSV properly unless each line ends with \r\n. So this function changes the line endings accordingly. Secondly, if the first column heading / value of the CSV file begins with uppercase ID, certain Microsoft programs (ahem, Excel 2007) will interpret the file as being in the SYLK format rather than CSV, as described here: http://support.microsoft.com/kb/323626
This function accommodates for that as well, by forcibly enclosing that first value in quotes (when this doesn't occur automatically). It would be fairly simple to modify this function to use another delimiter if need be and I leave that as an exercise to the reader. So quite simply, this function is used for outputting CSV data to a CSV file in a way that is safe for use with Windows applications. It takes two parameters + one optional parameter: the location of where the file should be saved, an array of data rows, and an optional array of column headings. (Technically you could omit the headings array and just include it as the first row of the data, but it is often useful to keep this data stored in different arrays in practice.)
<?php
function mssafe_csv($filepath, $data, $header = array())
{
if ( $fp = fopen($filepath, 'w') ) {
$show_header = true;
if ( empty($header) ) {
$show_header = false;
reset($data);
$line = current($data);
if ( !empty($line) ) {
reset($line);
$first = current($line);
if ( substr($first, 0, 2) == 'ID' && !preg_match('/["\\s,]/', $first) ) {
array_shift($data);
array_shift($line);
if ( empty($line) ) {
fwrite($fp, "\"{$first}\"\r\n");
} else {
fwrite($fp, "\"{$first}\",");
fputcsv($fp, $line);
fseek($fp, -1, SEEK_CUR);
fwrite($fp, "\r\n");
}
}
}
} else {
reset($header);
$first = current($header);
if ( substr($first, 0, 2) == 'ID' && !preg_match('/["\\s,]/', $first) ) {
array_shift($header);
if ( empty($header) ) {
$show_header = false;
fwrite($fp, "\"{$first}\"\r\n");
} else {
fwrite($fp, "\"{$first}\",");
}
}
}
if ( $show_header ) {
fputcsv($fp, $header);
fseek($fp, -1, SEEK_CUR);
fwrite($fp, "\r\n");
}
foreach ( $data as $line ) {
fputcsv($fp, $line);
fseek($fp, -1, SEEK_CUR);
fwrite($fp, "\r\n");
}
fclose($fp);
} else {
return false;
}
return true;
}
?>
Alright, after playing a while, I'm confident the following replacement function works in all cases, including the ones for which the native fputcsv function fails. If fputcsv fails to work for you (particularly with mysql csv imports), try this function as a drop-in replacement instead.
Arguments to pass in are exactly the same as for fputcsv, though I have added an additional $mysql_null boolean which allows one to turn php null's into mysql-insertable nulls (by default, this add-on is disabled, thus working identically to fputcsv [except this one works!]).
<?php
function fputcsv2 ($fh, array $fields, $delimiter = ',', $enclosure = '"', $mysql_null = false) {
$delimiter_esc = preg_quote($delimiter, '/');
$enclosure_esc = preg_quote($enclosure, '/');
$output = array();
foreach ($fields as $field) {
if ($field === null && $mysql_null) {
$output[] = 'NULL';
continue;
}
$output[] = preg_match("/(?:${delimiter_esc}|${enclosure_esc}|\s)/", $field) ? (
$enclosure . str_replace($enclosure, $enclosure . $enclosure, $field) . $enclosure
) : $field;
}
fwrite($fh, join($delimiter, $output) . "\n");
}
// the _EXACT_ LOAD DATA INFILE command to use
// (if you pass in something different for $delimiter
// and/or $enclosure above, change them here too;
// but _LEAVE ESCAPED BY EMPTY!_).
/*
LOAD DATA INFILE
'/path/to/file.csv'
INTO TABLE
my_table
FIELDS TERMINATED BY
','
OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY
'"'
ESCAPED BY
''
LINES TERMINATED BY
'\n'
*/
?>
I found that the fputcsv examples for PHP 4 missed one thing, that was proper handling of the $enclosure value when it is a quote (if a quote is passed in a field, and it is delimited by a slash, it will be improperly handled by the functions submitted here).
My modified function was built using the actual PHP5 source for fputcsv, with the addition of properly reacting to the existence of a delimited quote in the field being processed.
<?php
if (!function_exists('fputcsv')) {
function fputcsv(&$handle, $fields = array(), $delimiter = ',', $enclosure = '"') {
// Sanity Check
if (!is_resource($handle)) {
trigger_error('fputcsv() expects parameter 1 to be resource, ' .
gettype($handle) . ' given', E_USER_WARNING);
return false;
}
if ($delimiter!=NULL) {
if( strlen($delimiter) < 1 ) {
trigger_error('delimiter must be a character', E_USER_WARNING);
return false;
}elseif( strlen($delimiter) > 1 ) {
trigger_error('delimiter must be a single character', E_USER_NOTICE);
}
/* use first character from string */
$delimiter = $delimiter[0];
}
if( $enclosure!=NULL ) {
if( strlen($enclosure) < 1 ) {
trigger_error('enclosure must be a character', E_USER_WARNING);
return false;
}elseif( strlen($enclosure) > 1 ) {
trigger_error('enclosure must be a single character', E_USER_NOTICE);
}
/* use first character from string */
$enclosure = $enclosure[0];
}
$i = 0;
$csvline = '';
$escape_char = '\\';
$field_cnt = count($fields);
$enc_is_quote = in_array($enclosure, array('"',"'"));
reset($fields);
foreach( $fields AS $field ) {
/* enclose a field that contains a delimiter, an enclosure character, or a newline */
if( is_string($field) && (
strpos($field, $delimiter)!==false ||
strpos($field, $enclosure)!==false ||
strpos($field, $escape_char)!==false ||
strpos($field, "\n")!==false ||
strpos($field, "\r")!==false ||
strpos($field, "\t")!==false ||
strpos($field, ' ')!==false ) ) {
$field_len = strlen($field);
$escaped = 0;
$csvline .= $enclosure;
for( $ch = 0; $ch < $field_len; $ch++ ) {
if( $field[$ch] == $escape_char && $field[$ch+1] == $enclosure && $enc_is_quote ) {
continue;
}elseif( $field[$ch] == $escape_char ) {
$escaped = 1;
}elseif( !$escaped && $field[$ch] == $enclosure ) {
$csvline .= $enclosure;
}else{
$escaped = 0;
}
$csvline .= $field[$ch];
}
$csvline .= $enclosure;
} else {
$csvline .= $field;
}
if( $i++ != $field_cnt ) {
$csvline .= $delimiter;
}
}
$csvline .= "\n";
return fwrite($handle, $csvline);
}
}
?>
I converted this from the PHP source code. This replicates PHP5 functionality exactly, whereas the other examples here do not.
<?php
if (!function_exists('fputcsv')) {
function fputcsv(&$handle, $fields = array(), $delimiter = ',', $enclosure = '"') {
$str = '';
$escape_char = '\\';
foreach ($fields as $value) {
if (strpos($value, $delimiter) !== false ||
strpos($value, $enclosure) !== false ||
strpos($value, "\n") !== false ||
strpos($value, "\r") !== false ||
strpos($value, "\t") !== false ||
strpos($value, ' ') !== false) {
$str2 = $enclosure;
$escaped = 0;
$len = strlen($value);
for ($i=0;$i<$len;$i++) {
if ($value[$i] == $escape_char) {
$escaped = 1;
} else if (!$escaped && $value[$i] == $enclosure) {
$str2 .= $enclosure;
} else {
$escaped = 0;
}
$str2 .= $value[$i];
}
$str2 .= $enclosure;
$str .= $str2.$delimiter;
} else {
$str .= $value.$delimiter;
}
}
$str = substr($str,0,-1);
$str .= "\n";
return fwrite($handle, $str);
}
}
?>
A event simpler way:
<?php
function fputcsv($hFile, $aRow, $sSeparator=',', $sEnclosure='"')
{
foreach ($aRow as $iIdx=>$sCell)
$aRow[$iIdx] = str_replace($sEnclosure, $sEnclosure.$sEnclosure, $sCell);
fwrite($hFile, join($aRow, $sSeparator)."\n");
}
?>
If you need to save the output to a variable (e.g. for use within a framework) you can write to a temporary memory-wrapper and retrieve it's contents:
<?php
// output up to 5MB is kept in memory, if it becomes bigger it will automatically be written to a temporary file
$csv = fopen('php://temp/maxmemory:'. (5*1024*1024), 'r+');
fputcsv($csv, array('blah','blah'));
rewind($csv);
// put it all in a variable
$output = stream_get_contents($csv);
?>
If you need to send a CSV file directly to the browser, without writing in an external file, you can open the output and use fputcsv on it..
<?php
$out = fopen('php://output', 'w');
fputcsv($out, array('this','is some', 'csv "stuff", you know.'));
fclose($out);
?>
Here is an adaption of the above code that adds support for double quotes inside a field. (One double quote is replaced with a pair of double quotes per the CSV format).
<?php
function fputcsv($filePointer,$dataArray,$delimiter,$enclosure)
{
// Write a line to a file
// $filePointer = the file resource to write to
// $dataArray = the data to write out
// $delimeter = the field separator
// Build the string
$string = "";
// No leading delimiter
$writeDelimiter = FALSE;
foreach($dataArray as $dataElement)
{
// Replaces a double quote with two double quotes
$dataElement=str_replace("\"", "\"\"", $dataElement);
// Adds a delimiter before each field (except the first)
if($writeDelimiter) $string .= $delimiter;
// Encloses each field with $enclosure and adds it to the string
$string .= $enclosure . $dataElement . $enclosure;
// Delimiters are used every time except the first.
$writeDelimiter = TRUE;
} // end foreach($dataArray as $dataElement)
// Append new line
$string .= "\n";
// Write the string to the file
fwrite($filePointer,$string);
}
?>
[EDIT BY danbrown AT php DOT net: This is a revised function with a few bugfixes and improvements done by this author. The original function example was written by arthur AT mclean DOT ws, and rewritten between by arthur AT korn DOT ch.]
- when calling str_replace(), you must assign $cell the return value or nothing gets saved
- when using strchr(), you should explicitly check !== FALSE, or it'll treat a return value of 0 (found the character at string position 0) as FALSE
- Excel seems to quote not only fields containing commas, but fields containing quotes as well, so I've added another strchr() for quotes; I'm not saying Microsoft knows the correct way for sure, but it seems reasonable to me
- the original function put a space after each comma; that might be legal, I don't know, but I've never seen it (and I don't think it is, because then how would you indicate you wanted a field to start with a space other than by quoting it?)
- the original function didn't correctly return the length of the data outputted
Here's the function, fixed up a bit:
<?php
function fputcsv($handle, $row, $fd=',', $quot='"')
{
$str='';
foreach ($row as $cell) {
$cell=str_replace(Array($quot, "\n"),
Array($quot.$quot, ''),
$cell);
if (strchr($cell, $fd)!==FALSE || strchr($cell, $quot)!==FALSE) {
$str.=$quot.$cell.$quot.$fd;
} else {
$str.=$cell.$fd;
}
}
fputs($handle, substr($str, 0, -1)."\n");
return strlen($str);
}
?>
Drew